Television, a Hazardous Social Inhibitor

Since the first creation of television (TV), people all over the world are so amazed with its wide audiovisual information broadcasting capability. And now, where almost everyone can afford it, television has become somewhat a primary need for a family. Information and news spreading is indeed important for a society, but the question is, what if the people spend most of their time with this so-called television? In the scope of a global family and neighboring community, I believe that television dangerous, because it is a destructive force towards family life and community. I will explain that first, television create a sense of individualism in common. Secondly, television also restrains social skill growth, particularly in the children.

First, on the point in which television promote sense of individualism in family and community life. Communication and relationship between family member and neighbor is vital for the continuity of life, but television addiction constricts it hardly. Each family member would rather watch their own favorite TV program on certain channel rather than to talk with each other. In other word, television has become a replacement for family interaction. It is a relaxation media indeed, but somehow for parents, TV can be a way of getting away from the kids. And the kids also may think the same, to be free from their parents awhile. But for how long will they do that? An executive director of public health states that “Americans (for comparison because I did not find the data for Indonesians) watch TV the equivalent of 56 days-nonstop- per year or almost as much as 4 hours a day.” Some may say that it could be a time when the whole family watches the same TV program in an occasion, so they can chat and share. Indeed it may, but the frequency is doubted because children and parents have a different choice of TV programs that they could watch together. The children and the parents are more likely to dominate the TV for their own. Furthermore even if in some cases the family often watch TV together, it is still creating a collective individualism. Families prefer watching TV to socializing with their neighbors. Spare time can be a useful time to interact with each other in the community to share and obtain between each other. But the fact, according to the article- Warning: too much TV is Hazardous - in the April 2001 edition of Running and FitNews- “Americans spend 40% of leisure time watching TV.” It is clear that TV has taken over most of the family and community life and form a nonconformist spirit amongst the people.

Secondly, television is also hinder social skill growth, especially in children and adolescents. At their age, it should be the time for them to socialize with their peers and other people. However, as long as the TV exists in their home, children prefer watching TV to meeting people in their neighborhood. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), kids in the United States watch about 4 hours of TV a day, or equivalent to as much as 62 days a year. The children as a result will grow up being less able to be alone and will not learn about social interaction with real people in the real world. They will also loose their sense of solidarity and their ability communicates friendly and politely. This will result to an egoistic and ignorant young generation that if it is not fixed in time, the characteristic will be perpetuated as the generation change, thus creating a cycle of individualistic generation. Some could say that a good communication guideline may exist in TV. But in the television, not all of the contents are good, and in fact there are many violence and brutality in it. Furthermore, even if there are good examples of communicating in television, according to Neil Sutherland in his book Growing Up, “TV, by its very nature offers brief and intense forms of communication which is perhaps the exact opposite of what ideal family interaction should be.” In other words, real and tangible communication in the family and neighborhood is important for the children’s social growth. Yoyok Arseno, the manager of Gapura Seni who held a special art exhibition due to the extreme effect of television to Indonesian children stated boldly that “the children nowadays are growing as an individualist human because of the television.” So, aside of creating individualism, television also hampers the children social development.

From the facts and argumentation above, it is clear that television is a machine of great social destruction towards this global society. It is proven by the point in which firstly it produces an individualistic soul and secondly it impedes social ability growth, chiefly to the children.

Demi Tristan Djajadi - 16107081

The Talented Miss Johansson.

In my opinion, Scarlett Johansson is the perfect young actress to be idolized. At the tender age of 23 she has been nominated for four Golden Globe awards and won one BAFTA award. Even though she was still young and the roles she played in her movies are mostly grown-up characters, she was able to act brilliantly. She is a talented actress and she always chose graceful and interesting characters for her roles such as Charlotte in Lost in Translation, that is why her acting career rose up quickly. Besides having a natural acting talent and a pretty face, Johansson also has a good fashion sense compared to actresses nowadays. She rarely received any negative comment regarding her outfits and she has this classic Hollywood style every time she appears on the red carpet, this is why Louis Vuitton, Calvin Klein, and L’Oreal chose her to be the face of their advertisements. The thing I like about her is this opinion she has about body image, she thought that every girl should love their body whatever shape it is, and that skinny is not necessarily sexy. She also actively supports Barrack Obama far the next United States president which reflects her concern for the future of her country. It is because of all those reasons mentioned above I really like her, she is the perfect example of Hollywood actress having her own views, values, talent, and style, not just another skinny stereotype girl.

Glass Making Process.

Glass, the material we see everyday and has unnumbered uses, is formed by a mix of melted chemicals which will be rapidly cooled later and turn into a solid material. The most common main ingredient in glass-making is silica (SiO₂). Soda (sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃) and lime (calcium oxide, CaO) are the additional ingredients added to make the glass-making process easier. Soda lowers the melting temperature of the silica from 2300 ˚C to 1500 ˚C and lime was added to improve the glass’ endurance, because soda can make the glass becomes water soluble. These three ingredients are melted inside a furnace at temperatures up to 1675°C to form a molten glass. The process of shaping the molten glass into the final product of glass can be done in several ways. For example the in the process to make plate glass, the molten glass is put on an iron bed and rolled into sheets by an iron roller, then trimmed to remove any dirt or spoilt glass. Another example is the making of bottle glass which uses a bottle-shaped template and removable mould to give shape to the bottle.

Posting

Dear All,
Thanks for all of your postings.

Water tap facility

ITB has facility which called water tap that provides ready to drink water. This facility can be found on every side of campus. Therefore, it can be used by all of the campus community. In my opinion, although water tap is easy to be found, it has several problems related to the usage and composition of the water. Though the water tap can be found on every side of campus, water tap is not available to provide water everytime. Sometimes water is available and sometimes not. Some people don’t care about prohibition in water tap utility beside for drinking, it can’t be avoided that most people use water tap to wash their hands, and in conclusion is wet around the water tap. It’s not good enough for the environment view. Another problem of water tap is the composition of the water. Although the water is ready to drink, many of the students realize that the concentration of metal in the water is considered to be high. It becomes issue that make lots of people prefer not to drink from water tap.

.Astrid 16107093.

Audrey Hepburn

To me, Audrey Hepburn is one of the most memorable actress of all time. Who doesn't remember her performance, wearing a black dress standing in front of jewelry store while eating hot dog, in Breakfast at Tiffany's? She's got the look that elegant and sophisticated. Her beauty is timeless. She changed the definition of class and elegance for a generation and the effects can still be seen today. Besides a pretty face, she was a terrific actress. She's been in numbers of successful movies. Her acting talent was amazing. She can play many different roles. A socialite, a nun, a widower, a writer, a princess are some of her roles that she played in her movies. In the early years of her career, Audrey impressed audiences with her performance as Princess Anne in William Wyler's Roman Holiday starring opposite Gregory Peck. Audrey's film debut gave her the Oscar that year for best actress. Soon, other Oscar nominations came to her for best actress in a leading role.

Although she was born to a Dutch Baroness and a wealthy English banker, she never affected. In her later years, acting took a back seat to her work on behalf of children. She became a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF in the late 1980s. Traveling the world, Hepburn tried to raise awareness about children in need. She understood too well what it was like to go hungry from her days in The Netherlands during the German Occupation. Making more than 50 trips, Hepburn visited UNICEF projects in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. She won a special Academy Award for her humanitarian work in 1993, but she did not live long enough to receive it. Hepburn died on January 20, 1993, at her home in Tolochenaz, Switzerland after a battle with colon cancer. With all the talent and awareness towards children all over the world, I think Audrey Hepburn is a real beauty that not only appears on the outside, but also comes from the inside.

AMERICAN IDIOT

In my opinion, "American Idiot" is one of the best albums ever. This one of legendary punk band from California, Greenday, albums is not only unique but also brings the new idea of making an album in music industry. "American Idiot" is an album that lashes out against the American Government and media, and I think it’s a brave and kind of rebel album that shown they are concern about what happen in their country. Not like the other punk rock bands that usually wrote about love songs in their album. "American Idiot" brings a very interesting album concept by telling a story about a guy named St.Jimmy from the beginning of his aim to took over the world until in the last day in his life that represents American government so that from one song to another song is related to each other. The first single that has same title, American Idiot, was the first Green Day record ever to debut at #1 on the Billboard Charts, and other music charts around the world. "American Idiot" was nominated for seven Grammy awards, and took home one, "Best Rock Album". In August of 2005, Green Day took home 7 Video Music Awards from MTV. So that is why I said "American Idiot" is the best album ever.

The Benefit of Internet in Education

The problem of education in all over the world is the difficultness of access to information sources. Conventional library as an information source is very hard to reach because the number of library is limited. Besides, the quantity of books in the library also limited. We cannot always find the information that we need in library because every conventional library has its own specification.

I think internet can be one of solution to get information easier and cheaper. With internet, we can access information easily in unlimited amount. We can find every topic that we want, like politic, economic, religion, entertain, education, and so on. We can also find information in many types like scripts, pictures, videos, and photos.

Internet can be used in education system especially in university. With this high technology of internet, a lecture doesn’t have to come to the class to give materials. Just by internet, the task or materials will be transferred by blog or email, for example.

The other benefit of internet in education is neglected the distance. When we need the information from expertise in other countries, we can get it soon and easily. We can get in touch with them by all facilities in internet.

Cloning

Although many people give negative opinion in cloning, as long as its purpose is not for “creating” human, I agree with cloning. In my view, cloning plays important rules in human’s life. By cloning, we can produce stem cells which are cells that in the early animal or human embryo differentiate to give rise to all the cell types in the body. Stem cells can be used for medical treatment. Some of human cells like nervous cells, can’t regenerate anymore if it has damaged. But stem cell can differentiate to be a nervous cell. Beside stem cells, cloning also can produce many plants with its superior quality in a short period.

Internet, Source of Informations

In my opinion, Internet is the most wonderful network invention that human ever made. It's not only can connect us to all over the world, but also has great source of educations and information. When we want to search about something interesting, we just click on our favourite search engine, and in just about a second, all information about things we search are apperared, and we can choose the information we want to see.

Nowadays, accessing internet is very easy, if we don't have personal computer, we just go to internet cafe or internet booth. Or if we have notebook, we can use hotspot facilities that available in some restaurants or public places and even a wi-fi. With all those facilities, we don't have to worry missing some recent information, not only from our country but also from all over the world.

Internet's Positive Influences on Education

In my opinion, internet’s influence on education is positive in many ways. By connecting to the internet, we are connecting to a gigantic knowledge-warehouse in the world. There are numerous experts in the world who are connecting themselves to the internet and would gladly give us their knowledge if we ask nicely—or maybe they had already shared their knowledge by creating web-pages. Also, connecting ourselves to internet can make us well-informed. New technologies are constantly invented in this rapidly growing world, and we can use that to improve our way of studying—and maybe to invent our personal technologies. Of course, we cannot forget that internet has negative effects too: limitless globalization was one of those. To counter those bad effects, we just have to be extra careful when using internet.
--Muhammad Ferdyansyah Sechan 16107056--

Xenotransplantation

In my opinon, xenotransplantation, the other word for ‘transplant an organ from a different species’ is a good alternative solution in medical problems related with organ’s disfunction. By using this technology, the patient doesn’t have to wait for the organ’s donor, which is not always available in anytime. Beside that, animals, as an organ’s donor, are more reproductive than human. It means that we can get the organ faster than if we wait for someone who wants to give his/her organ. It also means that we can save the patient’s life and reduce the death rate caused by organ’s disfunction.

Comments

Dear All,
Thanks for posting, I will write my comment to your email this week. Have a nice long week end, and Happy Easter for you if you celebrate Easter.
Jati

Not An Ordinary Actress

In my opinion, Natalie Portman is beyond an ordinary actress. She has all the qualities of beauty, brain, and behavior. Her beauty is classic and sophisticated and media often called her as the next Audrey Hepburn. She has sole charisma in her acting, for example when she played her role as Queen Amidala in Star Wars: Episode I. As important as her acting career, she took education seriously. She went to one of the Ivy League and took psychology as her major. After graduated from college, she travelled to Africa helping native women building their skill in entrepreneurship. She didn’t afraid that her career would sink if she did many charity works. In one interview with American media, she told her point of view of world major problems like famine, education, etc, and she wanted to help others. This side of her shows that she is concerned about many issues above the glamour life in Hollywood. I consider she is a good role model for women while other Hollywood actresses like to drink, using drugs, and partying all night long. Natalie Portman is famous not just because her outer beauty but it is her inner self that also counts.

Siti Amalia Hasnida

16107090

About the Human Rights to Live

Maybe the pros-cons about the death penalty is just as old as the question about ‘which one first appear: the chicken or the egg?’ Some pros said that some kind of crime-like murder- is enough to make you having the death penalty. Also, I have heard someone said that penalty is not decided to payback the crime, but it’s to stop another people from the same crime. But for me, I against it. Just for a simple reason, it is about the human rights to live. Same reason, different case, maybe it’s just same as euthanasia. For me, when God gives you a life, breath in your lungs, throb in your heart, blood in your vein, there’s no one in the world have the rights to take it away. Because it is God’s wisdom. Another reason, because for me, every single person has second chance to change, to regret their mistakes, and the most important thing: to live. (Adiajeng Warastuti. 16207003)

how to make a glass

It’s just needs a few simple steps to make a glass. The first is to put together the primary material of glass, consist of sand, soda, and limestone. After it stirred away, the mixture is burnt in furnace. The second step is to split it into 2 kind of mix, the first is for the plate glass, and the second is for bottle glass. The mix for the plate glass would go through rollers. And for the bottle glass, the mix would be shaped by a removable mould into bottle shape. (Adiajeng Warastuti. 16207003)

Nanotechnology

In my view, nanotechnology has a myriad of potential applications. In molecular medicine, millions of nanorobots could stream through the body chipping plaque from arteries, scouring toxins from our bloodstream and repairing broken blood vessels. In principle, nanorobots could make anything from apples to airplanes. They could make diamonds in any shape at all, creating futuristic materials of incredible strength and versatility. Specialized nanorobots could also be employed to render toxic waste harmless or to seek out and remove pollutants from contaminated streams.

Badminton

In my opinion, badminton is the most interesting sport game. Because, I think it needs more agility and more concentration than other sport games. This sport game needs speed and agility player to block and return the shuttle cock in order to prevent the shuttle cock falls onto player's area. This sport game also needs full concentration. For example, the player has to have full concentration to keep the accuracy of his attack to prevent player makes unforced error. full concentration is Not only to keep accuracy, but also needed for defending. for example to block the opponent’s attack. That's all have made me love badminton very much. :p

task 4

Coet – Selling Children

If you pass by Trunojoyo Street in Bandung in the middle of the day, you will see some kids selling coet monitored by the parents, usually their fathers. They are kids between six to twelve years old. They offer coet to the driver along the street. And, because they are kids, people will usually sympathize them and buy the coet. That is the point that the parents taking advantage of.

I feel very sorry for the kids. They cannot having education, happiness, and all the things that a kid should have. And if they continue selling coet, which is very heavy, they will grow up abnormally. They will be shorter than the other kids and even hunchbacked. I hope the government concern about them.

Glass Making Process

Glass is used in many purposes in our life.There are several steps to make these glasses. First of all, prepare all materials, like sand,soda limestone, furnace, roller, compressor,paint. After that sand,soda and limestone are mixed in furnace with high temperature between 1600-2300 ⁰ F for 4-6 hours. The result of this process called substance. Then the substances flown into a large tank. After that , from the tank, the substance flown through the pipe into channel. There are two channels depending to what type of glass we like to make.The first channel is for making plate glass.the substance is put onto the templates. The templates are made as plate shape. Then this product is pressed with compressor to make this product harden. After that the harden plate rolled to paint sector in order to give an attractive color of the plate.The second channel is for making bottle glass. First, the substance is put onto the templates. The templates are made as bottle shape. After that the center of the template filled with the air to make space in the product. Then the product is pressed with compressor to make the product harden. Finally the plates and the bottles are packed and ready to be sold.

Bad Influence of Advertisements

There are so many advertisements everywhere, include on the television. In my opinion, ads on television are giving bad influences for the viewers, especially for children. Ads can make a child being consumptive. When they see something from the television, they want to buy it because they think that is interesting, although those things are useless and they don’t know what the function of that thing is. That situation happens every time they see new ads. An ad sometimes contains violence in it. When children saw a scene that contains violence, they will remember it and try to do it without knowing that is a bad thing to do. Then, when they try to do it, it will cause bad effect to them such as injury etc. So, ad gives bad influences to the children and parents have to be careful of what their children watch.

Fawzia Amalia - 16207070

The Legendary Bon Jovi - Chastity Emmanuelle / 16207065 .

Bon Jovi is a legendary hard rock band from Sayreville, New Jersey with frontman Jon Bon Jovi, guitarist Richie Sambora, keyboardist David Bryan, bassist Alec John Such, and drummer Tico Torres as the members. This group is highly successful, especially in the 1980s. Even with the departure of Alec John Such in 1994, Bon Jovi managed to sell over 120 millions albums worldwide over the past 25 years.

Bon Jovi has proven that they are worthy of becoming a legend they are now. They recorded their third and fourth album (Slippery When Wet and New Jersey) in 1986 and 1988 and both of the albums made them score hit singles, win numerous awards, and earn chances to be on the same stage as huge bands such as Metallica, Anthrax, Scorpions, and Motley Crue. They started becoming famous worldwide and went on a series of touring. After having a two-year break, the band came back with double platinum record Keep The Faith and continued on making platinum albums ever since. In 1999, after being on hiatus for three years, the group returned to studio and with the release of more chart-topping albums, hit singles, and live performances all over the world, Bon Jovi successfully enlarged their fan base everywhere. Their list of achievements was elongated when they finally received a Grammy, the most prestigious award for outstanding achievements in music industry, for Best Country Collaboration for the single "Who Says You Can't Go Home". Other terrific accomplishments they made include being welcomed to the UK Music Hall of Fame alongside big names like Led Zeppelin, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, U2, and Elvis Presley and also becoming the first ever American band to perform in the Royal Variety Performance in England in front of the Queen herself. I personally think that their hard work has paid off and fame is the least they can get after all their contributions to the music industry.

Agatha Christie

Agatha Christie is the world's best-known mystery writer in the world, I can say. Because Guinness Book of Record listed her as the best-selling fiction author of all time, with two billion copies of her novel sold widespread the globe. Agatha Christie was born on September 15, 1890 in Torquay, England. Her first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, published on 1920, and that was also the first time her eccentric Belgian detective appeared. Hercule Poirot, the detective, now can be said as well-known as Sherlock Holmes if we talk about great detectives.

Agatha Christie wrote 80 novels and short story collection. In my opinion, she's really really brilliant in writing. She is clever to write the plot, tell its figures, make the cases, and of course, write its great solving. I always taken by the story every time I read the novels. It's like, I'm imaging that I'm Hastings (Poirot's friend) who know the case but find it difficult to solve or sometimes my heart suddenly beat faster when its climax. There're always surprises in every end of its solving. Don't be too sure when we know exactly he or she is the murderer, sometimes the truth is revealed in the end of the novel's page. I've read some of her novels, like And Then There Were None, The Big Four, Death in the Clouds, Dumb Witness, Murder is Easy, Murder on the Orient Express, Taken at the Flood, The Thirteen Problems, etc. All is astonishing, yet my favorites are And Then There Were None, The Big Four, Taken at the Flood, and The Thirteen Problems. Agatha Christie also created one fabulous detective, Miss Marple.

Beside the mystery novels, she also wrote plays, romantic novels, and an autobiography. The Mousetrap, Agatha Christie's play, now is the longest continuously running play in theatrical history. Her romantic novels are written by her pseudonym Mary Westmacott. Agatha Christie died peacefully on January 12, 1976. She reached her country's highest honor when she received the Order of Dame Commander of the British Empire. With her writing career, Dame Agatha Christie obviously worthy for her fame.


hawa firdausi. 16107072.

Internet In Education System

There is no doubt that internet is wondrous creation. Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in communication field in this century. Almost all people in this world know about internet. Everywhere you look you’re bound to see something related to the internet. The world is no longer unreachable and all people around the world can communicate easier and faster.

Let’s see the advantages of internet from educational point of view. I think Internet has so many advantages in education, especially in information and communication. It’s provided with so many educational information that you need especially as college students. Internet is a big open source resource. Many college students use the internet for research for gathering information. In internet you can find so many articles related to subject that you learn and you can also browse so many references that you need for your task. Lecturers also use the internet for giving some assignment and sometimes for giving a university lecture by the teleconference. It’s beneficial for college students who live in another part of world. Besides that, college students and also lectures can communicate easily with the beneficial of e-mail. College students can use e-mail to do some trusteeship for determining they credit semester or even just for asking some question. Those entire advantages of internet have easen the world of education system.

Internet for Education System

Internet is a worldwide, computer networks that carry various information and services using the standard internet protocol (IP). Internet has many functions, and one of them is for education system. Nowadays, the education system has already improved in many ways, especially in IT world. For colleges, there are some lecturers that already make a proper use of the internet to educate their students. For some school or college at certain country, like America, students no longer have to come and attend lesson at school. Students just need to connect to the internet at home and download the lesson or education material from the school's web system. The other method is, to attend school as usual, and the homework is given to students through the internet, like ET-learning and so on.

The common function of the internet is to get information about certain topic. Users, in this case students, who want to search information about some education material for certain task, could browse through the internet to get it. At first, users have to type some text of the related topic at searchengine, and then users could choose the link that connected to the webpage, filled with certain information that users want to know. Moreover, it just needs several second to get million data or information that related to the topic.

Based to the explanation before, internet certainly makes a great effort that support the education system. It has many advantages, either for both lecturers and students, it save much time and the material could be get anywhere anytime, not just limited to one moment and one place only.

The notorious Paris Hilton...

Paris Hilton, one of the young notorious entertainer and businesswoman. I think it is an appropriate statement for this great granddaughter of Conrad Hilton, founder of the Hilton hotels. Paris has been making her own money since at the age of 18, before she became famous worldwide. Paris used to earn money by appearing at party events and by doing photo shoots. As an entertainer, she worked as a model, actress, and also a singer. Paris also has a lot of projects, such as fashion, music movies, TV shows, and many more. Besides that, her line collections, like fragrance, watch, handbag, clothing, footwear, jewelry, cosmetic, etc, are become the must-have fashion item. Furthermore, Paris has built her own successful money by making a record label, named Heiress Record, and Paris Hilton Entertainment to manage all her brand licensing and entertainment. This Paris’s business company has been developing all over the world. In my opinion, she is both an entertainer and businesswoman actually.

Opinion Regarding Child Labor

According to online Wikipedia, child labor is the employment of children under an age determined by law or custom. Child labor is very common, and can be factory work, mining or quarrying, agriculture, helping in the parents' business, having one's own small business (for example selling food or apparels), or doing odd jobs. Based on the report of International Labor Organization, there are estimated 218 million children aged 5 to 17 in child labors worldwide. For me, the employment of child labor is a brutal violation of fundamental human rights and worker’s rights by torturing the children. The children mostly work in long hours, often in dangerous and unhealthy conditions, and are exposed to lasting physical and psychological harm. Not to mention, their work are grueling and harsh. The child agricultural workers, which constitute 69% of all child labor, frequently work for long hours in scorching heat, haul heavy loads of produce, are exposed to toxic pesticides, and suffer high rates of injury from sharp knives and other dangerous tools. And the children making silk thread in India, for example, dip their hands into boiling water that burns and blisters them, breath smoke and fumes from machinery, handle dead worms that cause infections, and guide twisting threads that cut their fingers. The children will also get a severe physical punishment if they get things wrong, rest awhile, moan or even cry. To obtain a state of well-being ness both physically and mentally with no excessive pressure are the basic right of even every single person. And it is the right of every worker is to have a working time and proper wage. So, based on that, the avocation of child labor breaks the basic human right and worker’s rights.

The second reason of my disagreement with the employment of child labor is that because it transgresses the children’s right for a bright future. Denied an education and a normal childhood, some children are confined and beaten, reduced to slavery. In many places, children who work for too many hours and too many days, for too little, or sometimes no pay, are becoming a subject often to physical abuse. Some are denied freedom of movement—the right to leave the workplace and go home to their families. Some are abducted and forced to work. The human rights abuses in these practices are clear and acute. For example, children as young as 11 go to work for up to 20 hours a day in sweatshops making items for US companies, such as Hanes, Wal-mart, and Target while they only get paid as little as 6 and a half cents per item. Big Bill Haywood, a leading labor organizer and leader of the Western Federation of Miners and a founding member and leader of the Industrial Workers of the World famously claimed "the worst thief is he who steals the playtime of children!" Indeed, by such a long working duration, how can the children develop normally and get formal education? A normal and happy childhood and formal education are the basic right of every single child because those are the factors that will have major contribution for their development. It is clear now that such practices deny the children’s right for a settled forthcoming life.

Demi Tristan Djajadi - 16107081

internet functionality

Internet contain a lot of information, which include about education. In my opinion, internet is a useful instrument to learn because internet can give us a complete informations quickly. It is very easy to browsing in the internet. All we need is type the right keyword, and then website all around the world that related to our keyword will appear in an instant. So we can choose the right web that we looking for in a second, it is more efficient than if we search it in the library or manually. The type of educational files that we looking for can be found in a various format, such as articles, journals, pdf files, etc. Therefore, we also can choose the format of the information that we want.

andriani oktadianti
16107065

Internet for University Students

In my opinion, internet is very useful to support educational process today, especially for university students. University students can get a lot of new academic information from all around the world by using various search engines which are provided by internet. They can also download some free references for they research, so they do not have to spend a lot of money to buy books or spend their time in the library. Besides that, it is easier to communicate with their lecturers just by sending e-mail, so the lesson discussions can be happened not only in the class. Sometimes, internet is also needed for hand in some assignments. For example, ITB students in academic writing class can submit their assignment, or just find out their next task by opening a certain blog.

marsiana anggieta-16207068-WR01

Death Penalty

Death penalty is an execution until death that given to someone who did high performance of crimes such as: murderer, genocide, terrorism action, NARKOBA action, corruption and many more. Some countries like China, Malaysia and even Indonesia already allowed and permitted this action and already executed some criminals. For example in China: if there is someone in the government do corruption, that suspect will get death penalty. Because of this rule, level of corruption in China decrease drastically. But, in my own opinion, with all possible reasons, I really disagree with death penalty statement. There are some reasons that support my statement why death penalty is shouldn’t be exist.
Firstly, than death penalty, there are a lot of options of punishment that can be done. For example, 20 years in jail or punishment to stay in jail forever. There is a chance that in their time of punishment, they finally know their act was wrong. Secondly, giving death penalty to some criminals won’t bring back others life that had been taken by them or bring back any other disadvantages that they caused. So, it is useless to take their life just for revenge or something like that. And in the end, death penalty is against the human right, which is the right to live. Every human have a right to live and there is no one have a right to take that from themselves, except God. Thing about live and dead is in God’s hand. God is the one who have the absolute right to judge when someone has to die or how long someone can live. So, every human including the government or any other powerful people, have no right to take a part in God’s job to take others life. So, I definitely disagree with death penalty and hope this thing is not permitted in every country in this world.

euthanasia

Euthanasia is the practice of injecting dying people with deadly substances to make the death less painful and the family pays less hospital bill. On my opinion the practice of euthanasia should be legalized. The people who are legal to be injected is they who are dying and cannot be cured, or having a total paralysis in their body. They suffer a lot and I think their pain is unbearable. Doing a routine surgery, breathing by oxygen tank, not being able to do any daily activities is some of the grueling reality that they have to face everyday. And we can relieve their burden by doing euthanasia on him/her.

The second reason for me to think of this idea is because not only the patient who suffers, but also the family. The fact is, hospital bill increases every year. Because of this the family whose member is dying suffers a great deal of financial problem by paying the cost of the treatment, which generally shows no sign of improvement. Without any disrespect, the patients in that condition usually have lower than 1% chance to live. By using euthanasia, this tragedy can be avoided and the hospital cost will greatly be reduced.

THE GLASS-MAKING PROCESS

Glass can be formed in many shapes and used in many purpose in our life. The process of making common glass which is plate glass and bottle glass is not as difficult as we thought. First the ingredients to make glass which is sand, soda, and limestone are put together in the furnace. Then in the furnace, the ingredients are heated to be mixed together and become a glass’s dough. After that, the glass dough is divided into 2 machines through pipes. First if we want to make plate glass, those ingredients are bought into a roller machine. The glass's dough is shaped to be a plate glass by given some pressure in the roller machine. Second, the dough is bought to a removable mould. The dough is moved through a pipe and shaped in to a compact bottle form by the mould. But, at the end of the pipes there’s an air to form the empty space in the middle of the bottle glass. Finally the plate and bottle glass are ready to be used in many purposes.

Internet

Internet is the best source of academic education. Internet serves us with a lot of educational information; one of them is academic information. That academic information can be found as articles, journals, and e-books. We only need a keyword to browsing on internet and we can get all information from the world only in seconds. So it is faster than if we search a manual book on library. Beside of that, Internet serves us with complete academic information. For example if we search for a keyword, internet is going to display all articles from some sources about our keyword. It gives us chance to know more than one article about our keyword. So we can compare those articles and choose the best one.

Child labor

In my opinion, child labor is one of a crime that should have not happened. They often seen recently. I think it’s pathetic to see an underage children whom supposed to be at school, studying and playing around with their friends. In fact, we still can find them working everywhere. Sometime their parents force them to be a beggar in the road. You can also see them in a factory, doing something that they actually don’t have to do.
Most of them are children from a poor family and some of them is also a vagrant.

How could those things happened, while the government have promised their citizen’s prosperity?
There’s a law says that poor clan and the homeless will be protected by the government.
I wish they still have their sentimentality to stop the child labor. If the child labor is running constantly, there will be much more side effect, for example a child trafficking transaction.

Children are our asset to build and develop our state, Indonesia. It’s a good idea to save them and let them improve themselves. Let them explore what they want to expand, not just doing something because of their needs of funds. A child’s right is not being an occupied labor, but they have to be an educated person so they can be an intellectual labor.

How to Make Glasses

Plate glass and bottle glass are two types of glasses that usually used. There are several steps to make these glasses. First, all tools and materials for making them like sand, soda, limestone, furnace, rollers and removable mould are prepared. After that, sand, soda, and limestone are mixed together in the furnace. Then, they burned until the melted is shaped. After that, the melted is ducted into two stripes, first stripe is for making plate glass and second stripe is to make bottle glass. For making plate glass, the melted in first stripe is kept in a big pan and then it ducted into rollers. Finally, the plate glass is shaped. To make bottle glass, the melted in second stripe is given an air, then it ducted into the removable mould. Finally, bottle glass is shaped. Last, these glasses are ready to use.

how to make a glass

These are several steps how to make a glass.
First, you should prepare the materials, including sand, soda, and limestone. We also need an equipment to prepared, such as a furnace to bake the dough that we may already made.
Next, we make a smooth dough by mixing the materials in an enough composition then put it into a furnace to be baked and mixed.
Inside the furnace, there is a branch that separates two kinds of glass that we want to make.
Some of the dough will be a bottle glass and the rest of them will be a plate glass.
If the dough flow to be a bottle glass, it will fall through and formed inside the removable mold. During the process, the air will also fill in the mould.
Meanwhile, the rest dough will fall into a bucket that has a hole beneath.
They will flow through the hole and performed under the roller. After that, we may dried off the glasses. Finally, the glasses are ready to use.

How to Make The Desired Glass Shape

The key idea in making various shape of glass is to melt the materials so that we can simply form it as we want. Two kinds shape of glass are plate and bottle glass. There are several steps to make these products. First, the materials—sand, soda, and limestone—are mixed in furnace. Then the mixture is heated up so that it is melted and really unified. After that, the mixture is flown into two channels. The first channel is for making plate glass. Through this channel, the mixture is poured into a tank then flown again into plate-shaped hole at the bottom-side of the tank. In this process, to make sure the mixture becomes really plate-shaped, the rollers are used to flatten it perfectly. Finally, the plate-shaped glass is formed. In the second channel, the mixture is desired to be bottle-shaped glass. It is poured into the removable mould which the part-inside has been bottle-shaped. The mixture, of course, also becomes bottle-shaped. At this bottle formation process, air is blown into the part-inside of the mixture. It is needed to produce such a proper pressure so that the inside layer of the bottle-shaped mixture becomes soft and smooth surface. The softer and smoother layer of the products; the better quality it is. After a few hours, the bottle-shaped mixture is cooled down and then the removable mould is removed from it. Finally, the desired bottle glass is ready being used.

How to make a glass?

A lot of people in the world use glass everyday. This simple item is very useful but easy to make. There are several steps to make a glass. First of all, the ingredients which are sand, soda and limestone are put in a furnace. After this step the process is divided into two ways. The first way is to make a plate glass and the other is to make a bottle glass. In the making of a plate glass, the ingredients from the furnace now are located in a big tray and have mix up perfectly. Out from the big tray, there is a roller that is used to roll the mix up ingredients and shapes it into a plate glass. In the other hand, in the making of a bottle glass, the ingredients that out from the furnace are enter the removable mould that is use to shape the ingredients like a bottle. This step is helped by the air that faster the solidify of the bottle glass. After a while, the ingredients are shaped into a bottle glass, and the mould is removed. And that's it. Simple ingredients can turn into two kind of glass, which are plate glass and bottle glass and ready to be selling in the market and use by people in the world.

Glass making process

The glass can be found in several shapes. The picture show us how to make plates and bottle glasses. First, sand, soda, and limestone are mixed and heated in a furnace on a high temperature. Then, the molten is distributed through separate ways, one way for glass plate, and the other for glass bottle. In making glass plate, the molten is entered into a tray as a terminal, then rolled in order to get flat shape, and finally cooled on the fresh air. In making bottle glass, certain pressure is given when the molten fills the tray because air is needed to help the molten covers only the wall of the glass. Similar with the glass plate, the moltened bottle glass is cooled until it becomes solid.

The glass-making process

Glass is made and used in many forms. Two of them are plate and bottle glass. Several steps can be followed to make these two kinds of glass. First of all, the raw materials to make a glass must be prepared, like sand, soda, and limestone. Then, they are mixed and melted in a furnace at temperature locally up to 1675 F. After that, the molten glass is sent to the mould for the plate and bottle glass. And then it changed from liquid to solid form, called gobs. Finally, the gobs, a cylinder of molten glass, are divided to make those two kinds of glass. The first half of gobs are sent into the blank removable mould and the air is blown to make a bottle shape. Then the other half of gobs are transferred to the mould, flattened, and formed a plate glass. Finally, the plate glass is released in rollers and can be used for many purposes.

task3-process

Glass-making

To make glass, you would need some materials and tools. The materials are sand, soda, and limestone. The tools are furnace, removable mould, rollers, and connecting pipes. First of all, sand, soda, and limestone are mixed in certain composition. Then it will be burnt in a furnace with an extremely high degree of temperature. The next step you have to do is to decide what shape the glass is going to be. If you want to make a plate glass, then the glass is channeled by connecting pipes to the roller. Certain pressure is given by the roller to make the shape of the glass plate. If you want to make a bottle glass, then you should channel the glass to a removable mould bottle-shape. And with certain tool, you can press the air to fill in to make some space inside the bottle glass. Furthermore, you can decorate the glass with certain chemical substances.

task2 - second version

Arisan

Arisan is a term to define regular social gathering whose members contribute to and take turns at winning an aggregate sum of money. It is one way saving your money. And the one thing that make arisan is preferred than saving your money in the bank is because it is an activity that enable you to socialize with other people, especially people from your neighborhood. Some activities you do in arisan are talk gossips, trade things -usually fancy clothes, branded bags and shoes, and jewelry (especially gold and diamond), and have feast.

Task 1 - second version

Tasikmalaya, City of Beaches

My hometown, Tasikmalaya, is a beautiful city that has several beaches, three of them are Cipatujah Beach, Cikembulan Beach, and Sindangkerta Beach.

Cipatujah Beach, also called Pantai Selatan Tasikmalaya, has beautiful view of blue sea and white sand. It is a calm and safe beach where you can take on a boat and fish without any worry that your boat will be upside down by seawave.

Cikembulan Beach or Pantai Karang Tawulan is a unique beach. It is famous for its great coral reef. You can see seagulls here. And when it is coming to the middle of the month, the time when turtles lay their eggs, you will be seeing them if you are lucky enough. And there is a small island near this beach. It is called Nusa Manuk. Manuk is a Sundanese word means bird. And, yes, in this island, you can see different kinds of birds.

Sindangkerta Beach has something different than the other beaches. It has sea garden called Taman Lengsar. You can do snorkeling here. In its twenty hectare area of sea garden, you will see coral reef, different kinds of beautiful fishes, and green turtles, which is extremely endangered now.
So, are you interested in visiting my beautiful hometown?

Few Steps to Make Glass

Glass is a transparent, everyday object that can be made through series of process. To make it, we need sand, soda, and limestone, all three on equal ratio. First, the three ingredients are mixed and inserted into a furnace, then baked until they form some sort of substance. These substances are then split in two to make two kinds of glass: plate glass and bottle glass. Half of these substances are then flattened with rollers and made to harden to make plate glass. The other half are inserted into a removable mound with hollow middle that shaped like bottle. The air is inserted to make hollow place in the middle of the glass-substance. And finally, when the glass hardened, that removable mound is then removed and we have one glass bottle.

-Muhammad Ferdyansyah 16107056-

The Glass-Making Process

According to Wikipedia, glass in the common sense refers to a hard, brittle, transparent solid, such as used for windows, many bottles, or eyewear, including soda-lime glass, acrylic glass, sugar glass, isinglass (Muscovy-glass), or aluminium oxynitride. One type of glass which is now widely used either for household appliances or laboratory equipments is soda-lime glass.

The process of making soda-lime glass is quite simple. First, the raw materials such as sand, soda, and limestone, are reduced to powder, which is done in mortars or by horse mills. Sand contains silica (SiO₂), which acts as the main ingredients for making glass. Silica has a very high melting point of over 2300 °C, so in order to lower the melting point and produce glass with better chemical durability, soda (common word for sodium carbonate) and lime (calcium oxide, generally obtained from limestone) are added. Those raw materials are then mixed and transported to furnace, where they are kept in a moderate heat (±1500 °C) for approximately 5 or 6 hours, being frequently stirred about during the process. After melting, homogenization and refining (removal of bubbles), the glass is formed. At this point, plate glass and container glass can be produced by two kinds of process. Plate glass for windows and similar applications is formed by putting the molten glass through rollers, making it perfectly flat, while container glass for common bottles and jars is formed by blowing and pressing methods. In making bottle glass, for instance, removable mould is used so that the bottle glass could stay in shape after the molten glass is being cooled down.

Glass Making Process

Glass is a common part of everyday human life. Many household objects and even technology stuffs are made of glass. There are several form of glass like drinking glasses, bowls, bottles, plates, light bulbs, mirrors, windows, glasses, cameras, microscopes, telescopes, lenses, prisms, etc. Besides of those various forms of glass, the two basic forms of glass in human life are plate glass and bottle glass.

There are some steps in making these two basic forms of glass. First, the raw materials of glass which are sand, soda, and limestone are put in the furnace. After that, the furnace is heat until get suitable temperature so that the raw materials are mixed into liquid. Next step is the liquid of unreformed glass is flown in a channel. In order to get two basic forms of glass, the channel is divided into two different ways. To make a plate glass, the channel is direct on a container/ tank. After that, the liquid of unformed glass in the container is flown through a hole with the rollers that made plate form of liquid glass. Then, the plate form of liquid glass is hardened. Finally, the product of the plate glass is made. In other hand, to make a bottle glass, the channel is direct on removable mold which has bottle shape inside. Then, the liquid of unformed glass is filled into this mold. In order to get empty space in the center of the bottle, the air is pumped into this mold. After that, the liquid of glass which has bottle shape is hardened, the bottle glass is removed and the mold is refilled again. Finally, the product of the bottle glass is made. Those are some steps in making two basic forms of glass.

The Glass-Making Process - Chastity E. / 16207065

The Glass-Making Process

Among the many types of glass available in stores, there are some of them which are known as plate and bottle glass. In order to make them, several steps need to be followed. First of all, sand, soda, and limestone, which are the main ingredients for making a glass, are poured separately into a furnace through pipes. Then, after being perfectly mixed in the furnace, the ingredients are separated into two different processes, one is to produce plate glass, and the other one is to produce bottle glass. To produce a plate glass, the mixed ingredients are poured into a large container, which is connected to a roller through a hole. After the mixed ingredients reach the roller, they are shaped perfectly into a plate glass. On the other hand, the mixed ingredients need to be poured into a removable mould to produce a bottle glass. The ingredients are shaped into a bottle by the mould and after that, air is pumped into the mould in order to form an empty space within the bottle. Next, the bottle-shaped ingredients are left until they are stiff enough. Finally, the mould is removed and the bottle glass is ready to be used.

Glass making process

Glass are formed into many shapes , for example bottle glass and plate glass. The process of making glass bottle and plate is not simple. There are several steps in the process of making. First, the principal raw material to produce glass, such as sand, soda and limestone are mixed and continuously fed into a furnace which is heated to an extremely high temperature. Then the molten glass emerges from the furnace to branch pipe for two different process. For the plate glass, the molten glass is poured into a large tray connected with rollers that form it into plate shape. For the bottle glass, molten glass is poured into a removable mould and compressed air is used to produce the final shape. Finally, the mould is cooled and bottle glass can be removed from it.

Simple Glass Manufacturing Procedure

Glasses are made in various forms, such as plate glass and bottle glass. There are three materials that are needed to make a glass: sand, soda, and limestone. First, those materials are put into furnace that will melt them in an extremely high temperature, so that they will be merged in one liquid and viscous mixture. After that, the mixture is flown into a certain channel depending to what type of glass that will be made. To make a plate glass, the mixture is put into a tank with a hole below it. The mixture will be flown through the hole to the rollers which will flatten them into a plate glass with a flat and smooth surface. After the mixture has hardened, the plate glass is made. To make a bottle glass, the mixture is flown into a removable mould with the shape of the desirable bottle. In order to make the hollow space in the bottle, air is pumped in to it so that the mixture will only form the shell of the bottle glass. Finally, after the mixture has hardened, the removable mould can be displaced and the bottle glass is made.

(Demi Tristan Djajadi – 16107081)

Glass Making Process

The process of making glass has several steps. First, the main ingredients which are sand, soda, and limestone are mixed in a furnace. Then, the furnace is set to a very high temperature which turned those ingredients into a liquid form called liquid glass. After that, the still hot liquid glass is poured through pipes branch depends on the form of glass to be manufactured. To make glass plates, the next step the liquid glass is channeled to a container equipped with some rollers that formed it into plates. On the other hand, to produce another form such as bottles, the hot liquid glass flowed and pushed by compressed air into a bottle mould. Finally, the newly formed bottle glass can be removed from the mould. These are the relatively simple process of manufacturing glass in its designed form.

By: Siti Amalia Hasnida

16107090

The Process of Glass Production

Glass can be found in several form, for example plate formed glass and bottle formed glass. There are some steps in making plate glass and bottle glass. First, some raw materials for glass production such as sand, soda, and limestone are mixed in a furnace which is set in certain temperature. Then the mixture is divided into two different ways, one for plate glass and the other one for bottle glass. In plate glass making process, the mixture is poured into a large tray which is connected with a roller machine. In the roller machine, the mixture is pressed to make the surface of the glass become flat. Finally the plate glass is formed. In the bottle glass making process, the mixture is poured into a removable mould which has a bottle shape on it. After that, the air is given to the mould to make a hollow space in the bottle. Next, the mould is cooled to make the mixture solid. After that, the solid mixture is removed from the mould and finally the bottle glass is formed.

Glass Making Process

Glass refers to hard, transparent solid, that has many forms with diferrent uses depend to the form it has. The form that usually be used for general application are bottle glass and plate glass. It is made through several steps in the glass making process. First, it still the same for both glass forms, the inorganic material like sand, soda and limestone are put together into a furnace. In the furnace, the fusion is being heated at high temperature, melted and become some homogen liquid that looks like solution in macroscopic method(colloid). After that, the liquid is distribute into two separated process. In bottle glass making process, the liquid is poured into removable mould, and then filled with air at the center to make the hollow space of the bottle glass. Then the liquid is cooled and harden to a rigid condition without crystallizing, to the bottle form. Finally, the bottle glass could be delivered, usually in packs, to companies. Meanwhile, in the plate glass making process, the liquid is put into some container with small hole in the corner, which is connected with roller machine that make the liquid into plate form. Finally, the liquid is harden, and the well-made plate glass is delivered. Those are the steps of glass making process, with different techniques and main-function for each shape it formed.

How to Make Plate and Bottle Glass

Glass can be found in many forms, but only plate glass and bottle glass are talked here. There are several steps in making glass. First, the materials which are sand, soda, and limestone must be prepared. After that, the materials are put in the furnace. In the furnace, they are mixed then heated at moderate temperature first, after that the heat should be increased gradually. This requires a long heating to make a clear glass. This process produces the molten glass. Next, the molten glass is brought to separate process to make their shape. The first way, the molten glass is poured into a big container, then it is flown through rollers to make it flat. Finally, the flat glass is cut and formed well to be a plate. The second way, the molten glass is poured into a removable mould which has a bottle shape. In this step, air is flown into the mould to maintain the bottle shape of the glass. After that, the bottle glass needs to be cooled until it gets harder. Finally, the mould can be removed and the bottle is formed well.

The Glass Making Process

Glass can be formed as two main types of shape; they are bottle glass and plate glass. Some processes are needed to make both shapes from a glass. First, some materials like sand, soda and limestone are burned in a furnace. This process is going on high temperature and pressure. After that, the product of burning process is separated into two parts. In one part, that product is filled into a removable mould and then the air is pumped into it to make a hollow space in the bottle shape. Finally, the removable mould is removed and the bottle glass is ready to use. In the other part, the product of burning process is accommodated in a container and then it is siphoned into a roller machine. This roller machine is used to form a flat surface to the plate glass. Finally, the plate glass is formed.

the glass making

To make a glass, we need to follow the right steps. First, all of the main materials to make a glass, such as sand, soda and limestone are mixed together in the furnace. After that, the dough are separated into two different processes. One, to make a plate glass and the other one is to make a bottle glass. To make a plate glass, the dough that we made are placed in the large barrel. Then, the dough moved into the rollers to be thinned down and become a plate of glass. To make a bottle glass, some air and removable mould is used to formed a bottle shape. Those are the steps of the glass making.

andriani oktadianti
16107065

The Making of Glass

There are two types of glass, plate glass and bottle glass. The process of making these two kinds of glass doesn’t have a big difference. First, the main ingredients of glass, like sand, soda, and limestone, are put in the furnace. After that, the ingredients are separated into two other processes. In the first process, the ingredients from the furnace are putted in a big special tray, and then it comes out on a roller which will shape it into a plate glass. In the other process, the ingredients are putted in a removable mould that will shape it into a bottle. Air is given to make a whole in the bottle. Finally, it becomes a bottle glass. Now, we know that the finishing process decide what type of glass we can produce.

Fawzia Amalia - 16207070

Making Glass Procces

There are several steps in making glass. First of all, the main substances such as sand, soda, and limestone are mixed together in the furnace. After all substances are heated at very high temperature, those things become molten glass. Then, molten glass is divided to two processes, depend on the purpose. In the first process, the molten glass is flown through some rollers to be pressed. This step will turn the molten glass into flat shape which is also known as plate glass. In the second process, molten glass will be formed into bottle glass. At the beginning, molten glass is sent into removable mould. In this step, air is also blown into the mould so the bottle glass can be easily formed. After the forming process has already finished, the bottle glass is cooled until it gets harder. Last, the mould can be removed and bottle glass is ready to be used.

Marsiana Anggieta-16207068-WR01

Glass Making Process

The process of making glass isn't as simple as we think. First, main materials such as sand, soda, and limestone are put in a furnace. Then the mixture materials are divided based on the form we want to make. If we want to make plate glass, then the mixture materials are put in large container that connected to a gutter with rollers. Next, the materials are flown through the gutter and flattened by rollers so it will form a flat shape. If we want to make bottle glass, then the mixture materials are put in removable mould with bottle shape inside. Next, air is used to fill the center of mould so it will form a bottle shape. Finally, after the materials ossified, the mould is removed and bottle shaped glass is formed already.

Simple Explanation of Glass Making

If we see the picture that explains the making of glass, we can say it looks like easy to make a glass. The picture, of course, is simplified. The real proccess maybe more complicated than we see in the picture, but I'm going to highlighted the main proccess of making a glass. First, raw materials like sand, soda, and limestone are put in a furnace. The ingredient then divided into two ways, one for make a plate glass and the other for make a bottle glass. The ingredient for make a plate glass is placed in a large tray. Next, it's moved to a rollers which make the ingredient become a plate glass. The same thing is occured in the way to make a bottle glass. Instead of rollers, a removable mould is used to shape the glass into bottle. Air also contribute by get through on the removable mould. Finally, the proccess creates two types of glass. Now we know how to make a glass in a simply explanation.

hawa firdausi. 16107072.

How to Make Glass

Glass plays many roles in the ever changing human civilization. But the process of making glass is actually the same like the process was in the early 19th century. Firstly, the ingredients of glass like sand, soda and limestone are put in a furnace. Then from now on the process, based on the shape of the glass, is divided into two types: plate glass and bottle glass. In the plate glass process, the ingredients from the furnace are moved by a conveyor belt through rollers which finally will shape those ingredients into plate glass. In the bottle glass process, after the furnace, the ingredients then put into a removable mould which let the air comes in, and then it will shape the glass like bottles we see on the shops. Finally those glass are ready to be sold. Those are the steps to make glass that we use in everyday life.

Task 2

Sniper

According to Encarta Dictionary, sniper is a member of the armed forces who is trained to shoot enemy soldiers from a concealed position. Term sniper for first the time is worn as official term precise shooter by German Armies in 1910. Sniper unit creator with standard qualification, doctrine and organization those which we know now is German Kingdom Army before World War 1. German also the first time who create special rifle for sniper. They even also make special bullet for rifle. This special rifle is made based on rifle mauser gewehr 1898 (gew 98) caliber 7,92 mm that specially tuned up and installed by telescope so that makes the shoot very precise.

Cholera

Cholera is an intestinal infection that can be described according to its cause, symptoms, and treatment. A bacterium, called Vibrio cholera, is the causative agent of cholera. It can be spread through contaminated food, water, or feces. Cholera patients may exhibit different symptoms that can vary from mild to severe. Some symptoms are watery diarrhea and loss of water and salts. Oral or intravenous replacement of fluids and salts as well as specific antibiotics is a possible treatment for cholera. Patients can be treated with an oral rehydration solution or, in severe cases, an intravenous fluid.

Batam Island, The City of Industry and Tourism

Batam, a city that is located near Singapore, is one of the biggest industrial city in Indonesia. Batam has various big industries like electronics, mechanics, steel, petroleum, etc. Companies and manufacturers are also from many countries. Most of the products of the industries are exported, but some of them are sold in Indonesia. Industries in Batam are important assets in adding income of our country.

Batam not only proud of its industries, but also its tourism. Many interesting places in Batam that attract visitors not only local but also foreign tourists. Barelang, which is abbreviation of Batam-Rempang-Galang, is a row of islands that are jointed by bridges. The first bridge, which is the biggest among the others and the best in its architecture, connects Batam Island and Rempang Island. Some people said that the first bridge is the miniature of San Francisco’s “Golden Gate” bridge due to its architecture. In Galang Island, visitors always come to Camp of Vietnam, a place where refugees from Vietnam had ever been there during the war last days. Beside Barelang, Batam has many beautiful beaches. Batam also has many fine places to relax our mind in the evening. Sitting on a bench in Marina while looking beautiful sunset or listening to the sound of the sea waves and order various menus of seafood in Harbor Bay while the lights of ships in port give a romantic nuance is nice choice. Batam also can be proud of its Coastarina, which has big letters as big as Hollywood’s.

The government of Batam has arranged the objectives of Batam City well. The main objective is making Batam the “copy” of Singapore. Since Batam got the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) status on 2007, that makes Batam has the special authority to makes economic relation to the other countries directly, the government works hard to attracts investor as much as possible. Beside that, the government gives strong regulation in order to improve Batam’s security. The government also works hard to fixes the problem in environment. People hope that Batam can be the modern, developed, and clean city as Singapore does without leaves its nature and the cultures of Indonesia behind.

Thermometer

Many people must be familiar with thermometer, especially students. According to Wikipedia, thermometer is a device that measures temperature or temperature gradient, using a variety of different principles. The word thermometer is derived from two smaller word fragments: thermo from the Greek for heat and meter also from Greek, meaning to measure. You can use thermometer to measure the temperature inside a room or even measure the temperature in your body. Thermometer has two important element. First, the temperature sensor and the second is some means of converting this physical change into a value.

Fawzia Amalia - 16207070

Cinematography

The process of producing the illusion of a moving picture. Cinematography includes two phases: the taking of the picture with a camera and the showing of the picture with a projector. The camera captures the action by taking a series of still pictures at regular intervals; the projector flashes these pictures on a screen at the same frequency, thus producing an image on the screen that appears to move. This illusion is possible only because of the persistence of vision of the human eye. The still pictures appear on the screen many times a second, and although the screen is dark equally as long as it is lighted by the projected image, they do not seem to be a series of pictures but appear to the viewer to be one continuous picture.

(Adiajeng Warastuti 16207003)