APPROPRIATE RETIREMENT AGE

According to Wikipedia online retirement defined as the point where the person stops employment completely. When someone retires, he/she will get a retirement fund. Basically, people’s age at retirement is important because it is one of the determinants of both the length of one’s work life and the duration of retirement (Gendell : 2001). People all around the world retire at various ages. The retirement age varies from country to country but it is generally between 55 and 70 (Wikipedia Online: 2008). In my opinion, the appropriate retirement age can’t be declined exactly because when people want to retire there are some factors that make them decide to retire or compels them to retire.

The determined retirement age is different in every country based on the governmental rules. In Indonesia, people who work in governmental employee retire at the age of 60 as the Indonesian government declined. In America, people retire at the age of 65 based on the Normal Retirement Age (NRA). ‘In Singapore, the retirement age raised from the age of 60 to 65 while in Thailand and South Korea people still declined to retire at the age of 60. In Malaysia, people retire earlier which is at the age of 56’ (Azizan : 2007). People can retire earlier but they can’t retire more than what the government declined.

The different kind of jobs also affected the retirement age. Certain jobs have an earlier retirement age because it’s doesn’t enabled or too dangerous if people over the appropriate age do those jobs. For example, the programmers should be retire at the age of 40 before their brain loses too many working cells that could make them cannot think as brilliant as before so they cannot make the great software anymore. The other example is for the athletes, they can’t compete well anymore over the age of 30 because their endurance is decreasing. In the other hand, there’s a job that caused an earlier retirement age because people thought they have earned much money that makes them don’t have to work anymore. This condition happens to many billionaires all around the world like Robert T. Kiyosaki and Bill Gates who retires at early retirement age.

In conclusion, the appropriate retirement age can’t be decline exactly because there are some factors that affected at what age people should retire like governmental rules and different kind of jobs.


References:

- Azizan, Hariati [Online Article] Retrieved : May, 19 2008 from the World Wide Web : http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/9/2/focus/18761279&sec=focus
- O'Conner, John [Online Article] Retrieved : May, 23 2008 from the World Wide Web : http://weblogs.java.net/blog/joconner/archive/2005/07/programmers_ret.html
- Gendell, Murray [Online Article] Retrieved : May, 23 2008 from the World Wide Web : http://cache.search.yahoo-ht2.akadns.net/search/cache?ei=UTF-8&p=retirement+age&y=Search&rd=r1&meta=vc%3Did&fr=yfp-t-309&fp_ip=ID&u=www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2001/10/art2full.pdf&w=retirement+age&d=KdwCMJzfQzDe&icp=1&.intl=us
- Retirement [Online Article] Retrieved : May, 19 2008 from the World Wide Web : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement
- Retirement in Indonesia [Online Article] Retrieved : May, 23 2008 from the World Wide Web : http://www.expat.or.id/info/retirement.html

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF ONLINE GAMING

Since the internet evolution began, the world of online games has become a part of people everyday life. And basically, people have two main opinions about online gaming. Many people said that playing online game is a very useless activity that could make people living such an unhealthy life by spend their time sitting in front of computer all day long without much activity. But the rest said playing online games not only gives people exciting entertainment but also develops their way of thinking. Personally, I agree with the second opinion. Playing online games gives people many great benefits more than what they know.

The basic part of the benefits from playing online game is of course that online game is one of the electronic entertainments nowadays. Everybody from kids, teens, to adults enjoy playing online game in their leisure time. Playing online game makes people happy and very entertaining by the things like streaming 3-D animation graphics with superb surround sound stereo and of course the fantastic effects and the game story. Also, sometimes by playing online game people can forget the problems that they have for a seconds.

One of the great parts from playing online game is gamers, which is people that playing game usually called, can actually test their own skill against the other gamer over the world in the game that they played. In fact, certain online games cater to this by having rankings to determine the champions of the game that usually called ‘game master’. This condition made gamers have become very motivated to win or be a champion in the game that they played because they usually receive an achievement if they can become a game master. Unconsciously, this made people who played online game develop their attitude in reaching something. They become a hard worker and not easily give up when they want to reach their goal. And soon they can apply those positive attitudes in their real life.

The other benefit that people received by playing online game is that playing online game can develop their way of thinking. Scientific studies have found that playing online games can train the human mind to be agile and alert. People that played online game are always exposed to condition whereby they have to learn to adapt and develop certain strategies in order to survive and to win the game. And also they have to be in conditions that compel them to think fast and make an exact decision in winning the game.

In conclusion, playing online game unconsciously gives people many great benefits and can change their life better if they played it wisely.

Retirement Age

According to wikipedia, retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely. The average retirement age is varies based on gender of the person, the country where the person lived, and type of the job that the person occupies. But in general, the ideal retirement age is between 55 and 70.

Basicaly, retirement age mainly depends on the type of job where he or she works. If the job requires a lot of physical energies or uses physical strength such as army, contractor, sportsman, or policeman, the retirement age will be earlier than jobs that only require mind work and not too depend on physical condition such as politican, professor, inventor, or teacher. This is because, the older a person is, the weaker his/her physical conditions, so if the person only uses mind in their job, the person will works longer. Thats why, there are so many politicans or inventors still working eventhough their age are around 80, but there aren't any soccer player plays football when their ages around 40. (Annon;2008)

The retirement age is also affected by the countries where the person lived. In USA, when a person retires, normally government have some duty to protect them and to fulfill their needs. But if the citizen of that country retire earlier than standard retirement age of that country, they will get less subsidy from government. Thats why, a lot of people always trying to achive that standard, so the government will taking care of them optimally. (USA gov;2008)

The last important component that differs the retirement age is gender. Male will have to work longer than female. This is because male have a better physical condition than female. But this component isn't too important because, this condition only applies if the person works in the jobs that requires a lot of physical activities. (Annon;2008)

So from that's component, I can conclude that retirement age not only affected by one factor, but also a lot of factors such as gender, countrise, and type of the jobs, and the other factors as well.

References:

Golden Age of Retirement. (2008, April 26) [Online article]. Retrieved May 30, 2008 from the World Wide Web: (http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/retirement/article.html?in_article_id=408590&in_page_id=6)

Retirement. (2008, May 13) [Online article]. Retrieved May 30, 2008 from the World Wide Web: (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement)

USA Government. 2008. Retirement Benefits by Years of Birth. [Online Article]. Retrieved May 30, 2008 from the World Wide Web: (http://www.ssa.gov/retire2/agereduction.htm)

What's the Ideal Retirement Age? (2008, April 27) [Online article]. Retrieved May 30, 2008 from the World Wide Web: (http://www.cfo.com/article.cfm/5491083)

Retirement Age

According to online Wikipedia retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely. The retirement age varies from country to country but it is generally between 55 and 70. In some countries this age is different for male and females. The difference of retirement age usually depends on the kind of job, physical conditions, or personal choice.

First, retirement age usually depends on the kind of job the person work in. Sometimes certain jobs, the most dangerous or fatiguing ones in particular, have an earlier retirement age. For example, military members of the US Armed Forces may elect to retire only after 20 years of active duty (Anon, 2008). Different from military members, other jobs like politicians, scientists, and lawyers still can have their job until their age reaching 70s. About the reason why a politician retires very lately, Sankar in his blog said that it is because experience comes of age (Sankar, 2006).

Second, retirement age is also influenced by physical conditions. An athlete, for example, usually retires at the age of 30 because his power and speed cannot support his activities anymore (Tinley, 2002). This situation also happens to actors and models. Most of them are not attractive anymore or lose their prestige when they are getting old. In engineering world, illness or accidents can end an engineer’s career.

The last reason is that some people prefer to retire early in order to fulfill their personal desire. Those people usually already have adequate pensions or personal savings. For example, a civil servant can prefer to retire when his age is already 55 because he thinks that he has good financial condition. After he has retired, he can do whatever he wants such as hobby, sports, or run a private enterprise (Anon, 2008).

According to the statements above, I can conclude that the difference of retirement age not only depends on physical conditions but also depends on the kind of job and personal choice.


References

Retirement. (2008, April). [Online article], Retrieved May, 29 2008 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement

Sankar. Retirement Age for Politicians. April, 2006. Retrieved May, 29 2008 from http://vsankarv.wordpress.com/2006/04/04/retirement-age-for-politicians/

Tinley, Scott P. 2002. Athlete Retirement: A Qualitative Inquiry and Comparison. A Thesis of San Diego State University


Marsiana Anggieta-16207068-WR01

Retirement Age

Retirement can be described as “the point where a person stops employment completely” according to Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia. Normal retirement age is estimated between 55 and 70. (www.wikipedia.org_retirement). But in reality, each profession has different determined age to retire. It depends on the kind of profession that the person does.

The ideal retirement age differs from one job to another. A reason that people are forced into retirement is mainly meeting the physical requirements of the job (Rincon 2007). Some jobs require high physical ability to be done well, while others need experience and intelligence. These factors will determine the productive age and also retirement age for each kind of job.

Each profession has its own productive age. “Productive age is a range of age when people can work for paid employment optimally” (Conrad 2004:289). As example, many sportsmen quit from their job after reach 35. After reach age 35, it is believed that the person no longer be in his productive age for the job. It is because sport is a kind of job that needs more physical and stamina ability than other kind of profession. Meanwhile, educational worker, musician, and artist, can work until the age of 60 to 70. These kinds of job, need more experience to be performed optimally. For example in Indonesia, retirement age of the employee of a national industrial corporation is forced to retire at the age of 50 to 55.

Retirement is natural. Each kind of job has its own limitation of age to be obey. If you start working you must realize that someday, after you reach your limit, you’ll have to stop.

References

Retirement. Wikipedia the Online Encyclopedia. [Online Article]. Retrieved May 24th 2008, from the World Wide Web: www.wikipedia.com_retirement

Rincon, Paul. 2007. Retirement age 'should reach 85'. BBC News Article. [Online Article]. Retrieved May 24th 2008, from the World Wide Web: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4726300.stm

Conrad, Rownan. (2004). Economic Encyclopedia 3rd ed. New Castle :Wadsworth Inc.

Roos Haikal R. 16107013

The Retirement Age

Based on the Wikipedia online-dictionary, retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely, when physical conditions don't allow the person to work any more because of the illness or accident(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement). Most companies and institutions oblige the retirement age but there is no standard in retirement age. The age of retirement generally vary from one country to another. In Indonesia, the retirement age is between 55-65 years while in the United States is until 65 years old. As a general rule, early or late retirement will give you about the same total Social Security benefits over your lifetime. If you retire early, the monthly benefit amounts will be smaller to take into account the longer period you will receive them. If you retire late, you will get benefits for a shorter period of time but the monthly amounts will be larger to make up for the months when you did not receive anything (www.ssa.gov/retire2/agereduction.htm).

In my opinion, the retirement age is determined in many reasons. A survey shows that to all those who have currently retired, the most common reason for retiring is illness and disability (http://retirement.need-to-know.net/).One of the reason that determine retirement age is the job. People work in a job that needs more physical strength should retire earlier. On occasions, certain occupations and professions (those involving danger and fatigue) have earlier age of retirement (http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Milos_Pesic).

Gender is another reason that considers the people retirement age. In some nations, the age of retirement differs from male and female. Women retire earlier than men, mostly because of the women physical condition is not as strong as men. Men usually retire in the age of 55 to 70, while women are between 50-65 years.

In conclusion, I think the retirement age can’t be determined because of many reasons. For example, it depends on the job and the employee gender.

References:
Retirement. (2008, May 13) [Online article]. Retrieved May 25, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement

Anonymous. (2008) Retirement age. [Online article]. Retrieved May 25, 2008 from the World Wide Web: www.ssa.gov/retire2/agereduction.htm

Anonymous. (2008) Retirement. [Online article]. Retrieved May 25, 2008 from the World Wide Web:
http://retirement.need-to-know.net/

Pesic, Milos. (2008) Retirement Age. [Online article]. Retrieved May 25, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Milos_Pesic


iin muthmainnah - 16207091

What Factors That Differ Retirement Age?

Retirement age is the age at which an individual normally retires, 60 to 70 for men and 55 to 70 for women. Men qualify for the state pension at 65 and women currently qualify at 60 (http://www.finance-glossary.com). Actually, until what age does people should be encouraged to remain in paid employment? It depends on many factors.

Retirement age is different in every country. In Indonesia, people who work in the government usually retire on the age 55 to 56. In America, people retire in the age of 65. In Malaysia the retirement age has just recently been raised from 55 years to 56 years. These happen because rules and laws in vary country are different too.

Usually retirement age depends on gender. Retirement age for men is different from women’s. Usually, men retire in the age of 60 to 70. Women retire in the age of 55 to 70. Women could increase their retirement benefits by 30 percent if they work as many years as men, expert says. Traditionally, women have retired earlier than men, but they tend to live longer than their male counterparts. Thus, most women are in need of a pension guarantee. But few actually have one. Data from a 2003 survey of older adults (average age 60) in Argentina showed a striking difference in pension coverage between men and women. While most men are covered by self-financed or independent pensions, over half of women are covered only through survivor’s benefits, due to the contribution of their husbands (http://www.iadb.org/news/articledetail).

Retirement age depends on what kind of the job too. Certain jobs have earlier retirement age because it’s fatiguing or dangerous. People who work in government usually retire at 55 to 70. In 2007, retirement age for teachers in France is thirty eight years after employment and age 50 for train engineers on the SNCF, the national railway. Many politicians, scientists, lawyers, television anchors, and professors still work well into their 70s because their job doesn’t need to do some risky activities. Usually they work in an office and sit behind the chair all day long. However, some actors, models, athletes, and musicians only work until their 30s (http://en.wikipedia.org). It is because the regeneration is fast. Many younger actors, models, or musicians have a better talent than the old one. Younger athletes have a better and stronger physics than the old athletes.

In conclusion, retirement age is something that can not be limited by just one factor. It depends on many factors, such as countries, gender, kind of jobs, and many more.

References:

Retirement. (2008, May 13) [Online article]. Retrieved May 25, 2008 from the World Wide Web:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement

Definition of Normal Retirement Age (NRA). Retrieved May 25, 2008 from the World Wide Web:

http://www.finance-glossary.com/terms/normal-retirement-age

Anonymous. (November 20, 2006) Leveling The Retirement Age For Men and Women. [Online article]. Retrieved May 25, 2008 from the World Wide Web:

http://www.iadb.org/news/articledetail

Fawzia Amalia - 16207070

The Appropriate Retirement Age

There is no international agreement about retirement age. It makes the retirement age varies from country to country. In many countries, the average of retirement age generally between 55 and 70. In my opinion, people should be encouraged in paid employment until they reach their limit of productivity, depends on their occupation.

There are several reasons why retirement age should be considered depends the occupation. Someone whose occupation needs much physical power should retire earlier than others whose occupation is only sitting in the office. A member of military forces should retire on 50, because people will reach their limit of body flexibility at 50 years old (Smith, Stew. http://www.military.com/military-fitness/health/staying-fit-at-any-age). Beside that, the military members also need much physical power when they are on duty. At the other side, occupation which uses brain more than muscle, like official, could retire at the age more than 50. Based on research, brain will continue adjusting itself even in old age in response to new learning and experiences (http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/nov07/brain1107.htm). So, there is no problem about brain using in old age.

Some people say that age will influence the attitude of someone. People above 50 years old are not capable in some “brainy occupation”, they must retire on 50. People whose age is above 50 should not govern or lead a company, because people who above 50 years old will think about their family very much then makes them try to get money as much as possible for the wealth of the family. This leads to corruption. A research has ever proved the correlation between age and corruption (http://www.springerlink.com/content/r3260k9m2537n314/). Beside that, determining a brave decision is also difficult for people above 50 years old.

Yet, some people also can retire on their young age. People with a very good financial that can support their entire life, can retire younger than 50 years old. A financial freedom makes someone is able to get money without working (Kiyosaki, Robert T. 2003:52).

In conclusion, the retirement age should be considered depends on the condition of someone, the situation, and the occupation. Every organization must be regenerated to keeps it running. The older must retire and gives chance to the younger one.

References:

Kiyosaki, Robert T. (2003). Rich Dad’s Retire Young Retire Rich. Jakarta : PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Smith, Stew. (2008, May 25). Staying Fit At Any Age. [Online article]. Retrieved May 25, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.military.com/military-fitness/health/staying-fit-at-any-age

United States Department of Agriculture : Agricultural Research Service. News and Events page. (2007, November/December) [Online Article]. Retrieved May 25, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/nov07/brain1107.htm

Springer Link Journal Article. Age and Corruption. (2006, August) [Online Article]. Retrieved May 25, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.springerlink.com/content/r3260k9m2537n314/