The Dark Side of Antibiotic

Antibiotic is a medicine compound that can stop infection process of bacteria (not a virus) in our body. Antibiotic becomes effective medicine to heal much kind of diseases at many years. This medicine almost becomes a first step for medic expertise’s to recover their patient from illness. Many doctor give antibiotic prescription without consider the age, the seriousness of illness, and the condition of their patient. If children suffer fever, cough, and influenza, doctor who controls them is possible to give antibiotic prescription, whereas 90 % of those diseases are caused by virus. If antibiotic used in wrong way continuously, antibiotic would become dangerous medicine because it can cause resistance of bacteria, stimulates new disease, and gives side effects that might cause mortality.

First danger that caused by the wrong using of antibiotic is resistance of bacteria. A wrong consumption and an incomplete consumption of antibiotic cause the bacteria that cause illness on body aren’t totally extinct. That thing exactly will stimulate the bacteria to evolve and create gene that more prevent to that antibiotic. Nowadays, lots of bacteria prevent to any kind of antibiotics. A Publication that publish by Medicine Faculty of University of Indonesia claimed that in Indonesia they have found 23 types of Escherichia coli and 33 types of Klebsiella pneumonia that immune toward antibiotic medicine, as a cause of the use of a wrong method in consuming antibiotic medicine. The level of that bacteria’s immune are increase 2-3 times since 1997. That problem makes the kind and the doze of same antibiotic can’t be relying on to kill that kind of bacteria.

Second danger, the use of antibiotic can stimulate a new disease. A publication on Journal Watch Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 18 July 2007 reported that a “population based” research has done a longitudinal research to 13.116 children in Canada who’s born in 1995 and had a treatment with antibiotic in their first year. This research is done to study the factors of risk that cause asthma on children. Children that diagnosed suffer asthma in their first year are out from the research. The result is 65% of children that had antibiotic treatment suffer asthma. The research shows that the relationship between asthma and the use of antibiotic increasing in children who lives in village, who doesn’t have asthma track record on their ancestor, haven’t history having a pet especially dog in their house, and they had antibiotic for several times. This research confirms the result of previous research that the early use of antibiotic on child (aged less than 1 year old) can increase the risk of strung out asthma on children. So it advised not to give antibiotic to children that aged less than 1 year old if that isn’t needful because it can stimulate other disease.

Third danger is the side effects that might cause mortality. Side effects of using antibiotic aren’t happen in long-term use, in short-term use antibiotic can cause side effects. Malfunction on digestion system (diarrhea, vomiting, and stomachache), allergic reaction, and blood malfunction until malfunction of liver like Steven Johnson syndrome that might cause a death in many cases. Longer use of antibiotic means more easily for us to catch by the side effects from antibiotic.

In conclusion, besides having a great effect to heal some disease, antibiotic can give a great negative effect too. We must consider that antibiotic like a sword with two edges. If we are not aware of its negative edges, we will get many disadvantages. We must try to use antibiotic wisely.

Let's Go Green!!

Nowadays, our beloved planet, the earth, became hotter and hotter each day. It is getting hotter because the sun is burning more brightly than at any time during the past 1,000 years, according to new research. Dr Solanki said that the brighter sun and higher levels of "greenhouse gases", such as carbon dioxide, both contributed to the change in the Earth's temperature but it was impossible to say which had the greater impact. If this situation continues, it can damage our life. I believe that there are several individual actions we can take to save the environment and save our life.


Firstly, we have to save the energy, because the energy such as electricity needs
fuel, while the fuel supply is running low and become expensive. Moreover, the fuel produces pollution which is make global warming. It’s not as difficult as we think to save the energy. We can save a lot of the energy by turn off the electronic equipments when it’s not used and don’t let them in a stand-by position. By doing this little action, we can reduce the production of CO2 up to 500 kg in a year.

Secondly, we have to saves the water, water is one of the vital needs for the people. Besides, water has a huge function to balance and conserve the nature. We can save water by put the faucet out when we are brushing our teeth. It’s very useful, because we can reduce the production of CO2 up to 750L in a year.

In addition to reduce the production of carbon dioxide, we can follow the 3R rules (reduce, reuse, recycle). There are some action we can take, for example, write in the both side of the paper. By using both side of the paper, we can reduce the felling off of the trees to make more pulp to produce a paper. It can decrease the production of CO2 up to 550kg in a year.

But, some people think that there is nothing to do for us if the government takes no action and all we have to do is just waiting for the government to move. They believe that little action we have done, didn’t change the situation.

In conclusion, even though all we can do is just doing a little action, one individual could make a change. Because, if we waiting on the government to move, when we will take an action. If we’re lucky enough, Antartica will not be an ice free as the scientist taught.

andriani oktadianti
16107065

Indonesia's culture

Several years ago, we lost two kind of our culture, Reog Ponorogo and Angklung. They have been taken by other country, even the countries have made their right of our culture. From my point of view, it wouldn’t be happened if Indonesian citizenship showing their care about the tragedy that already happened. At least, respecting and knowing our culture shows that we do taking care and looking out four our culture’s conservation.

Indonesia is a country which has many interesting culture to enjoy. Its location that spread out from Sabang until Merauke has an impact to Indonesia’s rich culture. The dances, traditional music instrument, and several kinds of custom ceremony are some variation of arts that reflect Indonesia’s custom tradition. Indonesia’s culture is truly as an identity of Indonesia inhabitant.

Culture is a spot where we can explore our talent and sense of belonging of our country. Some of people maybe know not if a culture can be one of a way out from a common problem that we’re facing now, a nation’s dissension. By learning one kind of art from our culture, unconsciously, we will blowing up our deeply feeling to our country, Indonesia.

Finally, we know that we could show our love sensation of Indonesia by loving its culture first. On the other hand, we also indirectly rescuing our interesting culture and our unity. So, keeping Indonesia’s culture isn’t useful only for ourselves, but also for the sake of our country. And we can start it by our movement first.

Laksmi Larastiti-16107059

Television: its function and effect

It’s not a strange view anymore if every single house has its own television inside. Now, most of people need television. Television is an electrically instrument that helps us in gaining or share some information surround us. Each of audience targets has their different kind of favorite television program. Meanwhile, we can’t see more than one television channel at one time. Therefore, there are so many symptoms that show us if the deviation of the television function is currently occurred.

Generally, TV is beneficial for our daily life to increase our knowledge and perception. So we might not be left behind about what’s going on around us. Unfortunately, nowaday, the situation do not showing us as well as the advantages of TV should be.

In a family life, sometime we find a main problem because of television. A father needs some news, a mother needs a live cook course, a big brother needs a teenager entertainment, and a little sister wants a kid entertainment.

In some of case, the TV program may presents at the same time. Reducing the dispute, the parents would buy a personal television for their child. Unfortunately, this act will create a brand new problem. The individuality will be appeared inside the house and there will be no warmth also.

Watching TV is a relaxing activity which is allows us to do another kind of activity at the same time. We could share some opinion about what’s the TV has shown us with our parents, or even we could judging what is the suitable TV program for our little brother. Those are the moments that we can’t buy anywhere. But if we have had our individually TV inside our room, perhaps we wouldn’t find those kind of moments.

In conclusion, is a good deal if there’s only a unit of TV placed inside a house. Beside it’s going to reduce the electricity using, the warmth between each of family member to the other will be increased. Because, if a TV blocked our communication with our family, it should have been missed from its main purposes.

Laksmi Larastiti- 16107059

Thanks

Dear All,
Thanks for posting and will comment soon via email.
Regards
jati

The Waning of IQ

The title above quoted from the book written by David Brooks in 2007. He wrote that there is a new consideration which bring us back to history, literature, humanity, and even to individual speciality. IQ, which stands up for Intelligence Quotient, is no longer being an indicator for judge people intelligence because there are other intelligences which common people may not consider those are exist. Someone with high IQ has no problem with his grade, he always get the first rank or the highest grade of exam in whatever class he attended. But sometimes, it is proven that he cannot get success in his career or even failed. In a career world--and also in the entire life--IQ is not the only one inteligence people should have. Howard Gardner wrote in his book, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligence, that there are seven kind of intelligences.

First, lingustic intelligence. People with this intelligence able to make a coherence sentences or remarkable speech from chosen words. They can understand the complexity that words build. Writer, poetry, journalist, author, and an orator have a high level of this intelligence. Second, logical-mathematical intelligence. This intelligence is most common measured as 'intelligence'. The abilities are abstract pattern recognition, scientific thinking, and perform complex calculations. Scientist, mathematicians, and economist are good example of this intelligence. Third, musical intelligence. Those with high level of this intelligence display greater sensitivity to sounds, rhythms, tones, and music. They are also able to sing, play musical instrument, and compose music. Instrumentalist, singer, conductor, and composers are absolutely have this intelligence. Fourth, spatial intelligence. People with strong spatial intelligence are tipically very good at visualizing and manipulating objects. They are artists, architects, and engineers who great at understand picture and recreate it. Fifth, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. People with high level of this intelligence enjoy with their body movement and learn best by physically doing something. Actors, dancers, and athletes show this intelligence. Sixth, interpersonal intelligence. This intelligence is characterized by sensivity other's mood, feelings, temperaments, and motivations. People with this intelligence enjoy work with others and debate, those are politicians, diplomats, and good teachers. Seventh, intrapersonal intelligence. People with high level of this intelligence understand theirself well. They know exactly their own emotions, goals, and motivations. Philosophers and psychologists show this intelligence.


Naturalistic intelligence lately said by Howard Gardner as eighth intelligence. This make someone able to recognizing and classifying species. Charles Darwin, our great naturalist, is a good example who has high level of this intelligence. From the evidences above, we know that human has complex intelligences and IQ is not stand alone to judge someone clever or not. As David Brooks wrote in his book, IQ is like a blackbox in an airplane. It can measure something, but we don't know for sure what it is. It is true that IQ is important, but it is not everything. Human multiple intelligences show that each person is unique and has their own way to express their intelligences.


hawa firdausi. 16107072.

TELEVISION : ABSOLUTELY NOT A BAD THING

Commonly, people have two main opinions about the most wide spread invention called television that nowadays could be seen in every house. The first opinion of television said that television is a good thing because it gives us very big amount of information. Then the rest said television is dangerous because it destroy family life and any sense of community. Instead of visiting someone or talking with the other family members, people just watch television. Personally, I agree with the first opinion. Television becomes an important part of human life that gives people so many advantages since it found.

Television is the best media that give people very big amount of information every day. They could know what is happening around this world by watching television because it provides the latest world news every day. The programmes that served the world news are CNN, BBC and also Metro TV. Instead of reading newspapers and magazines, finding the latest news on television is more realistic and faster because television use satellite so that it can broadcast live at the moment when something happen and also served with pictures and sounds. For example, when tsunami destroyed Aceh in 2004, most of the Indonesians and people around the world know that disaster happen from television that made other countries also helped Indonesia to rescue the victims.

Television also provides educative programmes for all age groups from child to adult such as National Geography, Discovery Channel, Animal planet, Science Today and Disney’s Playhouse. By watching those programmes we could learn more about the world history and treasure, the way animals’ life, the latest scientific invention nowadays etc. Also the parents could still communicate with their children by accompanying them to learn something by watch educative programmes for children. Children can learn much from this, such as talking, remembering alphabets, calculating simple numbers, finding objects and finding the difference between two or more objects.

Last but not least, television doesn’t destroy the family life it is just exactly unites all of the family members to sit in the living room and watch television together. Families all around the world usually spend their quality time together by watching television. Here, they can choose the programme that they all like and discuss them such as cartoons, family movies and quiz shows. They can still have fun and do not have to spend a lot of money to have their quality time together. This can improve the relationships between family members and obviously doesn’t destroy any sense of communication.

In conclusion, television is not bad thing as long as people use it wisely. It gives people so many advantages and changes their life better.

Social Security: Retirement

According to Wikipedia, the idea of a fixed retirement age is being introduced during the 19th and 20th centuries. Before then, the absence of pension arrangements meant that most workers continued to work until death, or relied on personal savings or the support of family or friends. Nowadays, the retirement age varies from country to country, but it is generally between 55 and 70. In some countries, this age is different for male and females. Sometimes certain jobs, the most dangerous or fatiguing ones in particular, have an earlier retirement age.

In my opinion, people should be encouraged to remain in paid employment until they reach the age of 62. However, Christian E. Weller (2000) argued that there are some reasons why an individual choose to retire before the age required for unreduced Social Security retirements benefits. Some of these reasons include poor health, an individual’s wealth, or retirement savings that allow for early retirement (Crimmins et al. 1996, in Weller 2000).

The first reason is that everyone’s situation and life is unique. Sometimes a worker’s health has already deteriorated to a point where working additional years is not possible. This is especially true for low-income and blue-collar workers, women, and African Americans (Garrett 1995; Iams and McCoy 1991; SSA 1986, in Rose and Larimore 2001). In this point, the workers have no other choice to retire, even if they have not reached the age of 62. However, individuals who are in excellent health and who has a family history of longevity would generally benefit from delaying retirement, especially if they still enjoy their jobs (Rose and Larimore, 2001).

Second, we may also have to consider other important factors, for instance an individual’s wealth, sources of retirement incomes, and desire or need to continue employment after early retirement. Some people think that they do not have to work until the retirement age because they have adequate savings. Other people may be forced to retire before reaching the age of 62 due to employment downsizing or health condition. In this case, they may need to work longer to avoid retirement in poverty, but sometimes their health may prohibit them for doing so. Another consideration is the effect of early retirement on an individual’s current fringe benefits such as health insurance, dental insurance, long-term care insurance and life insurance.

References
Rose, Clarence C. and L. Keith Larimore (2001) Social Security Benefit Considerations in Early Retirement.

Weller, Christian E. (2000) Raising the Retirement Age: The Wrong Direction for Social Security.

Retirement (2008, April 18) [Online article], Retrieved April 19, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www.wikipedia.org/Retirement.htm